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CP143 H1 / TCP/IP manual Communication protocols
Rev. 00/07 2-7
2.2.2 TCP/IP principle of operation
TCP and IP are only two of the many protocols required for the establishment of a complete
network architecture. The application layer of the computer supplies programs like FTP and Telnet.
The standard handler modules of the program define the application layer of the CP143 TCP/IP.
These application programs use the transport layer and the TCP or UDP protocols to transfer data,
and these protocols communicate with the IP protocol of the internet layer.
The main task of the IP is to address data packets properly. This means that the IP functions like an
envelope. The network determines the destination of the data packet by means of the address and
uses this to route the packet accordingly. The protocol divides data into smaller units as different
networks may require different length data frames. A number is assigned to every packet so that
received packets may be acknowledged and to allow for reassembly of the original data. TCP as
well as IP have their own envelope where they store the required numbers so that these sequence
numbers can be transferred via the network. A packet of data is inserted into a TCP-envelope. This
is then inserted into an IP envelope and transmitted via the network. On the network, TCP is
responsible for the safe transport of data. TCP can recognize and correct transmission errors. These
error detection and correction systems ensure that TCP connections are relatively safe. However, in
this case UDP is much faster. It neither detects missing data packets nor does it check the sequence
of the packets. UDP is an unprotected protocol.
2.2.3 TCP/IP services
OPEN / CONNECT
In an active situation this opens a virtual connection with a partner. In a passive situation this waits
for a connection from a partner.
SEND
Transfer of a data buffer to TCP for transmission to a partner.
RECEIVE
Reception of data from a partner.
CLOSE
Termination of a connection.
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