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Average Value The average value of a sine wave is zero. This is because the
positive alternation is equal and opposite to the negative
alternation. In some circuits it may be necessary to know the
average value of one alternation. This is equal to the peak
voltage times 0.637. The average value of a distribution system
with 650 volts peak, for example, is 414.05 volts (650 x 0.637).
Effective Value The effective value, also known as RMS (root-mean-square), is
the common method of expressing the value of AC. The
effective value of AC is defined in terms of an equivalent
heating effect when compared to DC. One RMS ampere of
current flowing through a resistance will produce heat at the
same rate as a DC ampere. The effective value is 0.707 times
the peak value. The effective value of a system with 650 volts
peak, for example, is 460 volts (650 x 0.707 = 459.55 volts).
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