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Analog modules
5.13 Connecting thermocouples
S7-400 Automation System Module Data
Reference Manual, Edition 09/2009, A5E00850736-06
231
5.13 Connecting thermocouples
Thermocouple design
Thermocouples consist of a pair of thermal probes, and all necessary installation and
connecting parts. The thermocouple consists of two wires of dissimilar metals or metal alloys
soldered or welded together at the ends.
There are different types of thermocouple, depending on the composition of the material
used, for example, K, J, N thermocouples. The measuring principle of all thermocouples is
the same, irrespective of their type.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
°C
(1) Measuring junction
(2) Thermocouple with positive or negative limbs
(3) Connecting point
(4) Compensating leads
(5) Reference junction
(6) Leads
(7) Measurement input
Figure 5-15 Thermocouple design
Operating principle of thermocouples
If the measuring point is subjected to a temperature different from that of the free ends of the
thermocouple (point of connection), a voltage, the thermo e.m.f., occurs at the free ends.
The magnitude of the thermo-e.m.f. generated depends on the difference between the
temperature at the measuring junction and the temperature at the free ends, as well as on
the material combination used for the thermocouple.
Since a thermocouple always measures a temperature difference, the free ends must be
kept at a known temperature at a reference junction in order to determine the temperature of
the measuring junction.
- SIMATIC 1
- Legal information 2
- Preface 3
- Further Information 4
- Recycling and disposal 4
- Additional support 4
- Training center 4
- Technical support 5
- Table of contents 10
- Table of contents 11
- General specifications 21
- EMC directive 22
- Low voltage directive 22
- UL approval 23
- +$=/2& 24
- FM Approval 27
- Marine Approvals 27
- Pulse-shaped interference 29
- Sinusoidal interference 30
- System perturbation 31
- Additional measures 31
- Shipment of backup batteries 32
- Storing backup batteries 32
- General specifications 33
- Operating conditions 34
- Use with additional measures 34
- Reducing vibrations 34
- Climatic ambient conditions 35
- Test voltages 36
- Protection class 36
- Design of the racks 37
- 123456789101112131415161718 38
- Order number 39
- Design of the UR1 and UR2 39
- Suitable modules for UR2-H 41
- Design of the UR2-H 42
- Suitable modules for the CR2 43
- Design of the CR2 43
- Suitable modules for the CR3 45
- Design of the CR3 45
- Design of the ER1 and ER2 47
- Power supply modules 49
- Order numbers and function 51
- Redundant operation 51
- 3.3 Backup battery (option) 53
- Backup times 54
- Meaning of the LEDs 56
- Power supply modules 57
- INTF, 5 VDC, 24 VDC LEDs 60
- Overload at 24 V 62
- Overload at 5 V 62
- BAF, BATTF 62
- BAF, BATT1F, BATT2F 63
- Function 65
- Power connection 65
- '&9 81
- '$$$ 81
- '$$$ 83
- 4.1 Module overview 94
- 4.3.1 Parameters 96
- Reading diagnostic messages 99
- Overview 100
- Digital modules 102
- Introduction 103
- Enabling interrupts 103
- Diagnostic interrupt 103
- See also 104
- Hardware interrupt 104
- Hardware interrupt lost 104
- IEC 61131, type 1 and type 2 105
- EN 60947-5-2, 2-wire BEROs 105
- Features 106
- Digital modules 107
- 4.8.1 Features 110
- Parameter assignment 115
- Data register and bus control 121
- 4.10.1 Features 124
- 1FH00-0AA0) 130
- 1BH11-0AA0) 142
- 5EH10-0AB0) 146
- Changing fuses 149
- 1BL00-0AA0) 151
- 7BL00-0AB0) 155
- 1FF00-0AA0) 161
- LED control 162
- 5EH00-0AB0) 169
- (6ES7422-1HH00-0AA0) 174
- Analog modules 179
- 5.2 Module overview 180
- Analog modules 181
- 5.2 Module overview 181
- 5.2 Module overview 182
- 5.4.1 General information 184
- Measured value resolution 185
- Input ranges 186
- Two procedures 205
- 5.6.1 Introduction 208
- Operational limit 211
- Basic error limit 211
- Conversion time, channel 1 212
- Conversion time, channel 2 212
- Conversion time, channel 3 212
- Cycle time 212
- Use of smoothing 213
- Smoothing principle 213
- Example 213
- Settling time 214
- Response time 215
- Configuration in RUN (CiR) 216
- Non-isolated sensors 221
- Connecting voltage sensors 223
- Sensor supply voltage 224
- Thermocouple design 231
- Recommended compensating box 234
- Cables for analog signals 237
- 5.19.1 Features 248
- Setting the operating mode 254
- Parameters 254
- Measuring methods 255
- Unused channels 255
- Measuring ranges 256
- Default 256
- 5.20.1 Features 257
- Measuring range modules 267
- Measured value smoothing 269
- Defaults 273
- 5.21.1 Features 274
- 5.22.1 Features 284
- 5.23.1 Features 293
- Wire break monitoring 309
- 5.24.1 Features 311
- 5.25.1 Features 321
- Step response 329
- Bus control 335
- Interface modules 343
- Rules for connection 345
- Terminator 345
- Interface modules 347
- (6ES7 461-0AA01-0AA0) 348
- Setting/changing the number 349
- (6ES7461-1BA01-0AA0) 351
- (6ES7461-3AA01-0AA0) 355
- (6ES7461-4AA01-0AA0) 358
- Compatibility 360
- S5 interface IM 463-2 361
- S5 interface IM 463-2 363
- Interface selector switch 365
- Cable length selector switch 365
- Prepare the cable 366
- Plug in the cable 366
- Select the interface 366
- Select the cable length 366
- Setting the address area 369
- Specifications 375
- 8.1.1 Overview 377
- Communication services 379
- IM operating mode 380
- Mode selector 381
- Loadable firmware 381
- 8.2 Configuration 382
- 8.3.1 Connection options 383
- 8.3.2 Bus connector 383
- Connector pin assignment 384
- Required accessories 385
- Installing connectors 386
- Reusing fiber-optic cable 387
- 8.4 Specifications 389
- 8.4 Specifications 390
- 8.4 Specifications 391
- 9.1 Features 393
- Fan monitoring 394
- Example of a message concept 395
- Shield clamp 396
- (Side elevation 396
- Scale 1:1) 396
- Shielding clamps 397
- Installation 398
- Monitoring function 399
- Wiring 400
- Signaling concept 400
- Technical specifications 401
- RS 485 repeater 403
- Grounded or ungrounded 406
- Connection scheme 407
- Amplification of bus signals 408
- 10.5 Specifications 409
- 10.5 Specifications 410
- Modifiable parameters 411
- Further references 412
- Structure of data record 1 413
- This section 421
- Bytes 0 and 1 422
- Module types 422
- Accessories and spare parts 443
- Definition 447
- Electrostatic charging 448
- Ensure sufficient grounding 449
- Avoid direct contact 449
- List of abbreviations 451
- E.1 List of abbreviations 452
- List of abbreviations 453
- E.1 List of abbreviations 453
- Glossary 455
- Glossary 457
- Work memory 468
- Index 471
- SFC 55, 411 486
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